Lithium ore flotation
A lithium mineral floatability
The main lithium-containing minerals are spodumene, lithium mica , and lithium feldspar . Their floatability is as follows: Spodumene A12O3·Li2O·4Si02, containing Li2O 4.5% to 8%. The surface-purified spodumene is easily floated with oleic acid and its soaps, but its surface is polluted or polluted by the slime in the pulp, and its floatability deteriorates. In addition, some dissolved salt ions ( copper , iron and aluminum ions, etc.) in the pulp not only activate the spodumene, but also activate the gangue minerals, so the mud is removed before the flotation and treated with alkali. When treated with sodium hydroxide, the recovery rate of spodumene increases with the amount of the spodumene, and the stirring time is also shortened accordingly. As the stirring strength increases, the recovery rate also increases. If the speed is increased by 7 times, the recovery rate can be increased by 40%. When using oleic acid or naphthenic acid soap as a collector , spodumene can float well in both neutral and alkaline media. When octadecylamine and sodium phosphonate are used as collectors, spodumene can only float in weakly alkaline or neutral media. When oleic acid is used as a collector, sodium fluoride and lignosulfonate are used as regulators, and the pH of the spodumene is best when the pH is adjusted to 7 to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
The activated spodumene can be floated with an anionic or cationic collector. Unactivated spodumene is difficult to float when the amount of oleic acid is high. Lithium ore flotation method and beneficiation agent No matter which kind of collector is used, water glass, dextrin and starch are strong inhibitors of spodumene. Among them, the selectivity of starch is better, followed by dextrin. They first suppress spodumene and then suppress gangue. However, the selectivity of water glass is poor, and the spodumene and gangue are simultaneously inhibited. The flotation particle size of spodumene is generally below 0.15 mm. When the particle size was 0.2 mm, the recovery rate of flotation was 61%, and when the particle size was 0.3 mm, the flotation recovery was 22%. It is one of the characteristics of spodumene flotation. Lithium mica Al203·3Si02.2(KLi)F, containing Li20 1.2% to 5.9%. The coarse-grained lithium mica is enriched by hand selection, air separation or friction, and the fine-grained lithium mica is recovered by flotation. The lithium mica collector is preferably a cationic collector, and when octadecylamine is used, the lithium mica is well floated in both acidic and neutral media.
Unactivated lithium mica cannot be recovered by oleic acid, and after activation with hydrofluoric acid, better indicators can be obtained. Some iron salts, lead salts, sodium sulfide, sodium hydrogen phosphate starch and pulp, and the like can be suppressed lepidolite. Lithium carbonates and sulfates activate lithium mica. When octadecylamine is used to select lithium mica, the best activators are water glass and lithium sulphate, while strong inhibitors are mixtures of bleaching powder, sodium sulphide and starch. The nitrates of copper, aluminum and lead are inhibitors of lithium mica, while the sulfates of copper and aluminum are activators of lithium mica. Lithium feldspar Al203·Li20·8SiO2, containing Li20 2%～4%, flotation of lithium feldspar with anionic collector such as oleic acid, sodium oleate or sodium isooctyl citrate, at any pH Not floating. With a cationic collector, such as octadecylamine for flotation of lithium feldspar, its floatation is good. When octadecylamine is used as a collector, the recovery rate is 78% when the pH of the slurry is 5.5-6.0, and the recovery rate is obtained when the alkylamine salt is floated in an alkaline medium (pH 7.5-9.5). Increase to 90% to 92%. When an alkylamine salt is used as a collector, ferric chloride (300-500 g/t) can strongly inhibit lithium feldspar. When the pH of the medium is 5.8, the recovery rate is reduced to 10% to 15%. In acidic and alkaline media, its inhibition is enhanced. Calcium chloride activates lithium feldspar and improves its recovery in neutral and alkaline media (pH = 9.2). In the case of using an alkylamine salt, the inhibitor of lithium feldspar is sodium sulfide, sodium silicate, starch, tannin, sodium carbonate, sodium fluorosilicate, and sodium hydrogen phosphate.
Flotation method of B lithium ore
The flotation of spodumene has two options: positive flotation and reverse flotation. Positive flotation is carried out in an acidic medium, so it is also called "acid method". It uses oleic acid and its soap as a collector to float spodumene into a foam product; reverse flotation is carried out in an alkaline medium, so it is also called "alkali method". It uses cations as a collector to float gangue minerals, and the product in the tank is a spodumene concentrate. The method of positive flotation is to add sodium hydroxide to the slurry for agitation and scrubbing to remove surface contaminants, de-sludge and wash, and then treat the following three methods:
(1) First floating mica, after floating spodumene, and finally floating feldspar. The steps are as follows: 1) using a cationic floating mica in a weakly acidic medium; 2) concentrating the flotation tailings to 50% solids, blending with an oleic acid collector and an alcohol foaming agent, and diluting to 17% Solid, floating spodumene; 3) After treating the tailings of the suspended spodumene with hydrofluoric acid, a cation collector is used to float the feldspar.
(2) First floating spodumene, after floating mica, then floating feldspar. The steps are as follows: 1) Concentrate the slurry to 64% solids, mix with oleic acid, sulfuric acid and foaming agent, and dilute to 21% solids, floating spodumene; 2) Mica in the spodumene flotation tailings, The cationic collector floats out; 3) the mica flotation tailings plus hydrofluoric acid activates the feldspar and adds the cationic collector float feldspar.
(3) Hybrids and mica mixed flotation, and finally floating feldspar. The steps are as follows: 1) adding sulfuric acid to the thick slurry, then adding an anionic collector, flotation mica and spodumene; 2) mixing the concentrate in an acidic medium to float mica and iron-containing minerals, The product in the tank is spodumene; 3) the tailings after the flotation is mixed, and after treatment with hydrofluoric acid, the cation sorbent is used as the floating feldspar.
The positive flotation of spodumene can be exemplified by the American Blake-Sears Concentrator. The plant uses oleic acid as a collector to directly float spodumene. The process is shown in Figure 5-23. The ore contains 1.26% of Li20, 0.3kg/t of sodium hydroxide during grinding, and the mud is removed after grinding. Add 1 kg/t sodium hydroxide to the thick slurry (60% to 70% solids) after de-mudging, stir and scrub. 200 g/t oleic acid and 250 g/t naphthenic acid and a foaming agent were added before the rough selection. In Selected I and Selected II, water glass, silicone or foaming agent and lactic acid are added, and an appropriate amount of oleic acid is added. Through the second selection, Li92 4.92% lithium concentrate was obtained, and the recovery rate was 63.59%. The reverse flotation of spodumene is carried out in alkaline pulp, with dextrin, starch, etc. as inhibitors of spodumene, pine oil as foaming agent, flotation of quartz , feldspar and mica with amine cation collector The same gangue mineral, after the product in the tank is iron, it is spodumene. Anti-American Jenkins Hill concentrator flotation recovery of spodumene. Among the ores processed by the plant, useful minerals are spodumene, cassiterite and beryl, and a small amount of coltan , monazite and rutile. The gangue minerals are mica and quartz. The ore used in the ore dressing contains 15% to 38% of spodumene, 30% to 56% of feldspar, 22% to 72% of quartz and 3% to 5% of mica. During the flotation, the gangue minerals are first floated, and the mica, feldspar and quartz concentrates are sorted out from the gangue minerals that have emerged. The tailings after floating the gangue are then floated with iron minerals, and the products in the tank are lithium concentrates. The concentrate contains about 120% of lithium phossite, and the recovery rate is about 65% to 71%.
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