Guidance on the release of winter wheat spring field management should pay attention to what?

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] At present, "Lichun" has passed, and the weather is warming up, which is a crucial period for strengthening wheat field management and building a reasonable group. This year's winter wheat seedlings and lyrics are generally better, but the phenomenon of “two heads and seedlings” is more prominent, and the threat of cold damage in early spring is greater. It is necessary to use "control to promote weakness and maintain strength, scientifically manage fertilizer and water, prevent and control pests and diseases, and highlight disaster prevention and mitigation" as the technical path. Because of the good management of spring wheat fields due to the cultivation of seedlings, the foundation of summer grain harvest is consolidating.

Guidance on the release of winter wheat spring field management should pay attention to what?

1. Huanghuai and North Winter Wheat Area

The southern wheat in the area has returned to green, and the north-central part is still in the wintering period. The overall situation and lyrics are better than last year. However, in some areas, due to the early sowing date, the amount of sowing is too large, coupled with the high temperature in winter, the phenomenon of prolonged growth is obvious, the growth and development of the aboveground and underground parts are not coordinated, the stems and leaves are long and the secondary roots are less, and the spring is susceptible to freezing damage.

(1) Promote control and classification management. In response to different seedling growth, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions, promote control and combination, classified management, and fertilizer and water regulation. Wang Chang Miao is mainly controlled. For the seedlings without de-fertilization phenomenon, the seedlings will be suppressed in early spring, avoid excessive tillering in spring, combined with watering at jointing stage, and apply 10-15 kg of urea per mu; for the seedlings with de-fertilization phenomenon, combined with the watering period of the body, mu Topdressing urea 10-15 kg. After returning to the early spring, the Miao Miao was suppressed and controlled in time. The three types of seedlings are mainly promoted. In spring, the topdressing is carried out twice, secondly in the regreening period, when the temperature is 5 cm, the temperature is stable at about 5 °C, and the fertilizer is watered. The urea is applied with 8-10 kg of urea and the appropriate amount of diammonium phosphate. The second time is at the jointing stage, and the urea is applied to the mu. -7 kg, increase the rate of ear formation, promote the development of small flowers, increase the number of grains per ear. For late-sown wheat fields with normal leaf color and normal growth, it is necessary to control watering in early spring so as not to reduce the soil temperature and soil permeability and affect the growth of wheat seedlings. The second type of seedlings promotes control and combination. The second-class wheat field with the same level of soil fertility starts from the initial stage combined with watering mu and chasing urea 10-15 kg; the second-class wheat field with higher level of soil fertility starts from the mid-term topdressing and watering. A type of seedling control promotes combination. Spraying regulators during the period of getting up, shortening the base internodes, controlling the growth of plants, and preventing lodging during late growth. In the jointing stage, the fertilizer is watered, and the urea is 15 kg.

(2) Repression and watering, watering and protecting. Repression and slashing are carried out in combination, and the sputum is pressed first, and the Panasonic is promoted on the soil to enhance the temperature. In the wheat field where the soil is extensively planted and ploughed during sowing, the soil is repressed in time after freezing, and the soil is compacted to bridge the cracks, reduce water evaporation and promote root growth. For wheat fields with poor grievances, the soil should be replenished in time after thawing, drought-resistant seedlings, timely watering after watering, increase ground temperature, break the knot, improve soil moisture, and prevent or mitigate the threat of freezing damage. For dryland wheat fields with no water pouring conditions, repressing and lifting the sorghum as a key measure to improve the drought resistance of wheat. At the same time, after the soil is re-slurry or rained, the fertilizer is applied with nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, about 10 kg of urea is applied to the soil, and no fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer is applied with diammonium phosphate.

(3) Prevention and control of pests and diseases, chemical weeding. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases such as sheath blight, total erosion, wheat spiders, and midges, and guide farmers to scientifically select medicines, safely use drugs, prevent early treatment, and prevent joint treatment. For wheat fields that have not been chemically weeded before winter, after 6 °C in the spring, the weather is fine, and the weather is fine. From 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, according to the type of weeds in the field, suitable herbicides are selected and eliminated in time. Operate in strict accordance with the use concentration and technical operating procedures to avoid phytotoxicity.

(4) Preventing freezing damage and timely remediation. Pay close attention to the weather changes, timely irrigation before cooling, improve soil moisture, adjust the near-surface layer microclimate, reduce the ground temperature change range, and prevent early spring frost damage. After the occurrence of frost damage, timely apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and then water, to promote the recovery of frozen wheat.

Second, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area

The wheat in this area has begun to return to green, and some areas have entered the period of getting up. It is a region with large and complex seedlings. The drought-prone wheat seedlings were better, but affected by the rainy days during the planting last year, the rice-buckwheat was planted late, and the seedlings were weak in recent years; in some areas, the soil was wet and the waterlogging was heavier.

(1) Scientific fertilization and construction of groups. Apply strong and strong fat, and weaken and strengthen. For the field where the seedlings are insufficient and the population is small (the number of acres and stems is less than 300,000), especially for the late seeding, the seedlings can be applied for 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N, P2O5, K2O, 15% each). ); For the field where the amount of straw returned to the field is large and the seedlings are too weak, 5 kg of urea will be applied to the mu to promote the transformation and upgrading of the seedlings. Apply a joint fertilizer, strong stalks and large ears. For the first and second types of wheat seedlings suitable for the group, when the leaf color is normal and faded, the joints at the base of the plant are close to the fixed length, and the joint fertilizer is applied. Generally, 5 kg of urea and 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied. Large, leafy areas that are not normally faded, appropriate delays in the application of jointing fertilizer to prevent lodging; for the three types of seedlings that are too small, the number of stems are insufficient, and the wheat fields that are severely de-fertilized and yellowed, the jointing fertilizer is appropriately applied early.

(2) Clearing the ditch, draining and staining. In the early spring, the wheat fields that have not opened the drainage ditch should catch the sunny day and open the three ditch in the wheat field as soon as possible. The ditch and soil should be evenly spread to avoid damage to the wheat seedlings. The wheat fields that have been ditched should be dredged in time to ensure smooth drainage, so that the rain stops the fields and the ditch does not have water, and at the same time, the three ditches outside the wheat fields are ensured.

(3) Defending frost damage and early remediation. In the 2-3 days after the occurrence of wheat freezing damage, the degree of freezing of the young ears was investigated, and the wheat field with a mortality rate of more than 10% of the stems was timely topdressed. Generally, the stalk is 10%-30% of the frozen wheat field, and the urea is 4-5 kg. In more than 30% of the wheat field, the mortality rate of the stalk is 10%, and the urea is 2-3 kg. The height is no more than 15 kg.

(4) Prevention and treatment of insects and diseases, chemical weeding. Focus on strengthening the monitoring and control of diseases and insect pests such as scab, powdery mildew, sheath blight and rust, especially in the heading stage and early flowering. All localities should carry out chemical weeding according to the type of weeds in time to control the weed damage. For wheat fields that are too large and have a risk of lodging, they should be timely suppressed or controlled.