Non-ferrous metal scrap pretreatment refers to non-ferrous scrap and scrap state becomes possible to effectively process subsequent metallurgical processes. This process includes: achieving various physical dimensions and weight standards for various waste materials and waste materials; separating non-ferrous metals from ferrous metals; removing non-metallic inclusions, moisture, oil, and the like. Fine and high-quality preparation of waste non-ferrous metals, suitable for metallurgical processes, can reduce the loss of non-ferrous metals to a minimum, reduce the unit consumption of fuel, electricity and flux, and make efficient use of metallurgical equipment and transportation tools. And improve labor productivity and the quality of non-ferrous metals and alloy products.
Pretreatment of non-ferrous metal scraps and scraps includes the following main processes: sorting, cutting, packing, briquetting, crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, drying, degreasing, etc. Special recycled raw material (waste battery, motor waste, scrap wire, scrap iron horse) pretreatment, using a special production line.
The All-Russian Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals Scientific Research Institute has studied the general process flow of waste non-ferrous metal pretreatment (Fig. 1), starting from non-ferrous scrap and scrap into the workshop, and until the finished product is sent to the customer's plant.
Sorting
The purpose of pretreatment of the mixed waste non-ferrous metals is to separate the waste and waste into a single metal and alloy to remove the ferrous and non-metallic materials. The main sorting methods are morphological sorting, mechanical sorting, heavy medium sorting, and metallurgical sorting.
Morphological sorting is based on the appearance mark (color, fracture characteristics, hardness, specific gravity, magnetic, etc.) and physical mark (part name). According to the grade, using the drop analysis method, the spectral analysis method and the special instrument, the visual method is used to color the waste. The metal is sorted.
Mechanical sorting includes the steps of particle size sorting (using a sieve) and sorting (using electromagnetic selection) to remove iron inclusions. The sorting of waste lead storage batteries and other regenerative raw materials is carried out using a heavy medium sorting device.
Metallurgical sorting of low quality waste non-ferrous metals with iron inlays is carried out in a furnace. Metallurgical sorting is based on the principle that the difference in melting point between non-ferrous metals and steel is large.
The sorting of non-ferrous metal scraps and scraps takes place on picking stations, conveyors and conveyor lines.
Figure 1 General process flow for waste non-ferrous metal pretreatment
   The sorting of bulk non-ferrous scraps up to 250 mm in size is carried out using a mechanized picking station (Fig. 2). This picking station is a rotating disk with a fixed annular edge, the discharge chute being fixed to the edge. The receiving bin is equipped with a chain, which can control the amount of material discharged to the picking station. The mixed material loaded into the receiving bin is evenly distributed along the annular work surface during the rotation of the picking table. The sorted materials are discharged into the plurality of receiving boxes along the trough, and each receiving box receives only one kind of waste non-ferrous metal. When falling into the block, the receiving bin is raised by means of a screw driven by the electric device. The volume of the receiving bin is 1.9 m 3 . In addition to the receiving bin, the picking station also has six discharge chutes. The speed of the picking station is 0.03 rpm, and the sorting capacity is about 20 tons/hour. It is operated by 3 to 5 hands.
Figure 2 Waste non-ferrous metal mechanized picking station
1- receiving bin; 2-supporting stick; 3- picking station; 4-moving baffle;
5-motor; 6-reduction gear; 7-movable discharge chute [next]
The sorting conveyor (Fig. 3) is used to sort large-sized waste non-ferrous metals without debris inclusions. The plate sorting conveyor can also be used to unload from the receiving bin for morphological sorting and to deliver the selected waste non-ferrous metal into the container. The load limiter can adjust the sorting capacity of the conveyor and control the block size of the waste that is put into the sorting. The limiter grille has a maximum opening of 500 mm. The conveyor with a bandwidth of 800 mm runs at a speed of 1.25 to 3.75 m/min and a sorting capacity of 10.0 tons/hour.
Figure 3 Sorting conveyor
1-conveyor; 2-bin; 3-limiter; 4-transmission
The Susu Recycling Nonferrous Metals Scientific Research and Design Institute has developed several types of sorting lines. This sorting line (Fig. 4) is suitable for sorting large pieces of waste non-ferrous metals with a large amount of iron inlays. The plate feeder feeds the material from the silo to the belt sorting conveyor, and then the iron inclusions are sorted by the ÑпP-12 type suspended electromagnetic iron. The selected ferromagnetic material and parts with ferromagnetics and iron inlays are discharged into the receiving bin. The following are the performance parameters of the sorting line with a plate feeder:
Sorting capacity (tons/hour) | 10~15 | |
Loading block (mm) | maximum | 400 |
optimal | 300 | |
Transmission bandwidth (mm) | 1000 | |
Running speed of the belt (m / s) | 0.03～0.05 | |
Silo volume (m 2 ) | 5.7 |
The length L (meter) of the sorting section of the belt conveyor is calculated by the following formula:
L=Qa/qb (9)
Figure 4 Waste non-ferrous metal sorting line
1-bin; 2-plate feeder; 3-ÑпP-120 type iron sorter;
4-belt sorting conveyor; 5-transmission; 6-bin
Where, Q-sorting processing capacity (ton / hour); q-hand selection production quota (ton / hour); a - length of each hand-selected segment (a = 2.5 ~ 3.0 meters); b=1-unilateral sorting, b=2-bilateral sorting.
Particle Size Sorting This procedure is suitable when it is necessary to sort finely divided or bulk components from various waste materials and waste materials. In the whole pretreatment process, the particle size sorting of raw materials can play a leading role as a supporting function, and the sorting process generally adopts a screening machine.
The raw material is screened in both dry and wet conditions, and the wet screening is suitable for wet and fine materials. If sorted is a submerged product having a particle size of less than 5 mm, wet screening tends to be more efficient than dry screening.
Various screening machines used in the regenerative non-ferrous metallurgical industry, including fixed sieves, drum screens and vibrating screens. When selecting these sieving machines, the characteristics of the raw materials to be processed and the quality requirements for the sieving products should be considered. [next]
The fixed screen is suitable for sorting materials with a particle size greater than 50 mm. This type of fixed screen is available in both grid and horizontal versions. When sieving the block material, the inclination of the sieving machine shall not be less than 35°; when sorting the flat shape material or wet pieces, the inclination angle shall not be less than 50°. The screening efficiency of the grid screen does not exceed 65%. The required screening area F (m 2 ) can be calculated as follows:
F=Q/2.4α (10)
Where, Q-the sorting capacity (ton/hour) calculated from the raw material; α-screen strip slit width (mm).
The following rules should be followed when selecting the size of the grid screen: the width of the screen is greater than 2 times the maximum block, and the length of the screen is at least 2 times the width.
The trommel is a screen with a diameter of 2.7 meters or less (the diameter of the mesh is not the same), installed in series or side by side. Figure 5 is a screen screen in which the screens are arranged in series. For wet screening, a spray head is installed in the drum. The screened product can be unloaded by tilting the screen. The vanes fixed to the inner surface of the drum can cause the material of the drum to move.
Figure 5 Screen screen with a screen arranged in series
1-motor; 2-speed reducer; 3-gear rotating device; 4-roller; 5-connector
The trommel screen is suitable for screening large and medium blocks (the size of the block is not more than 250 mm), and can produce a sieve product with a particle size of not less than 25 mm. The screening efficiency is 60 to 70%. The drum tilt angle is 2 to 8°, and the rotation speed is 11 to 15 rpm.
Vibrating screens are widely used for particle size classification of waste non-ferrous metals. The structure and size of the various vibrating screens are very different, and the sorting ability and the block size of the raw materials and the undersize products are also very different. According to the method of swinging the sieve, the vibrating screen is further divided into an inertial sieve, an automatic balance sieve and a resonance sieve.
On the inertia screen, there are one or two boxes that replace the screen, mounted on a spring hanger or on a metal frame. The sifter vibration is accomplished by the rotation of the unbalanced rotor shaft.
The automatic balance screen is suitable for the dewatering of the beneficiation product, the separation of the suspended solids and the washing of the weighting agent. The screen box is hung on the spring bracket or the leaf spring, and the automatic balancing vibrator is rigidly connected to the screen. The sieving machine oscillates by the rotation of the vibrator shaft, and the oscillating upper shaft is provided with several eccentric fixed hammers. The sifting machine has an inclination of 8° or less.
Resonant screens are suitable for any type of waste non-ferrous metals with a sieve size of up to 300 mm and can also be used for the dewatering of bulk waste and sludge. The screener is a system consisting of a box body and a fixed frame, and the box body and the frame are connected by elastic links (plate springs and spring brackets). The connecting rod of the transmission is assembled with the housing by rubber elements. The vibration of the casing is completed by the periodic variation of the elasticity of the rubber component, and the forced vibration frequency of the rubber component is close to the resonance frequency. This type of screening machine has high sorting ability, high operational reliability and low power consumption.
The sorting capacity Q ( m3 / hour) of the vibrating screen can be calculated as follows:
Q= | 100-ε | 6α·0.95BL | (11) |
7.5 |
In the formula, ε-sieving efficiency is 75-80%; α-mesh size (m); L-screen length (m); B-screen width (m).
The required screening area F (m 2 ) is obtained by the following formula:
F=10 3 Q/qδ (12)
In the formula, Q-vibrating screen sorting capacity (ton/hour); q-material weight is 2.6×10 3 kg/ m3 , unit separation capacity of 1 square meter screen; δ-material weight (kg/ m3) ).
Electromagnetic sorting materials suitable for electromagnetic sorting include scraps and residual materials with a size below 450 mm, slag, under-sand products, dusty waste, broken waste cables, waste batteries, scraps, stamping waste, etc. The purpose of electromagnetic sorting is to select ferromagnetic objects and parts with a large amount of iron inlays from the recycled raw materials.
A variety of different electromagnetic sorters can be used to process non-ferrous scrap and scrap. The structural characteristics and uses of these electromagnetic sorters vary. Therefore, the particle size of the material, the required iron removal rate, and the sorting capacity should be considered in the selection.
Whether the ferromagnetic inclusions can be completely selected depends on the particle size, layer thickness, deposition amount and inclusion rate of the raw materials, and also depends on the magnetic field strength and the moving speed of the sorted materials in the magnetic field.
At present, ÑпP type suspension type electromagnetic iron remover, Ñ type electromagnetic wheel and various electromagnetic sorting machines are generally used in the treatment of non-ferrous metal waste parts and scraps. The suspended iron remover is mounted above the belt conveyor. The electromagnetic wheel simultaneously acts as a drive roller for the sorting conveyor and is housed in the discharge belt.
The hanging sorter is mounted longitudinally or transversely along the axis of the conveyor. The iron-containing object is sucked onto the discharge belt by the electromagnet and then taken to the discharge end. The process of sorting the magnetic components from the raw materials is carried out continuously. The unloading process of the conveyor belt of the sorting machine can be carried out continuously or intermittently according to the accumulation amount of the magnetic material on the belt. Hanging sorters cannot sort ferromagnetic parts up to 5 mm in size and weighing less than 0.08 kg.
The ÑпP-120 electromagnetic sorter (Fig. 6) has a conveyor belt with a width of 1200 mm and a running speed of 2 m/s. The sorting machine is mounted above 280-450 mm from the conveyor. The magnetic field strength on the conveyor belt is 100 to 150 kA/m. The weight of the sorted parts must not exceed 20 kg.
Figure 6 ÑпP-120 sorting machine
1-supporting roller; 2-unloading belt; 3-electromagnet;
4-active drum; 5-frame; 6-tension drum; 7-transmission
The electromagnetic wheel is suitable for sorting ferromagnetic inclusions from a bulk or bulk material stream. The optimum running speed of the conveyor belt is 1.25 to 2.0 m/s, which is consistent with the rotational speed of the electromagnetic wheel of 50 to 60 rpm. The particle size of the sorted material and the thickness of the layer on the conveyor shall not exceed 150 mm.
The continuously operating electromagnetic separator (Fig. 7) is suitable for sorting ferromagnetic inclusions from materials having a particle size of less than 60 mm, and can treat raw materials having a temperature below 110 °C using a water cooling device of an electromagnetic system. In the case of a magnetic field strength of 140 to 150 kA/m, the selection rate of ferromagnetic inclusions of such an electromagnetic sorter is 98 to 99%, and the selection ability depends on the particle size and temperature of the raw material, in the processing block. The material should reach 30 tons/hour, and the waste and scrap can reach 20 tons/hour, and the dusty product can reach 8-10 tons/hour. [next]
Figure 7 ÑБC-2 electromagnetic sorting machine
1-bin; 2-slot feeder; 3-vibrator; 4-roller; 5-electromagnetic system; 6-frame
In order to treat non-ferrous metal scraps and block wastes with a particle size below 20 mm, the All-Sustained Non-Ferrous Metal Research Institute has developed a process line including magnetic separation (Figure 8).
This process line uses a feeder to feed material from a silo of 2.5 m3 to a C-388 autobalance screen with two screens. After sieving, materials having a particle size of +20, -20, +3, and -3 mm were obtained. Products with a particle size of +20 mm include: coiled waste, waste non-ferrous metals and scrap steel, non-metallic materials. Non-ferrous metal scraps and block scraps are separated from non-metallic materials on the belt sorting conveyor, and the scrap steel is sorted by electromagnetic wheels.
Figure 8 Processing line of non-ferrous metal scraps
1-frame; 2-speed reducer; 3-bin; 4-slot feeder;
5-screening machine; 6-feeding pipe; 7-magnetic separator; 8-belt conveyor; 9-electromagnetic wheel
For -20, +3 mm aluminum chips and -20 mm copper chips, it can be treated with a magnetic separator with an active magnetic field (Fig. 9). This magnetic separator can agitate the sorted waste stream, better. Ground magnetic separation inclusions. [next]
This process line can produce loose colored tin scraps with an iron content of less than 0.08% and black metal shavings with a non-ferrous metal content of less than 2%. The sorting capacity of the assembly line is 5 meters and 3 hours.
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of copper alloy scrap processing equipment
1-bin; 2-vibrating feeder; 3-ГB-06 screening machine;
4-ПБСЦ-63/50 sorting machine; 5-belt conveyor; 6-СÐ-3 sorting machine; 7-bin
Many recycled non-ferrous metallurgical companies widely use scrap copper separators equipped with СÐ-3 and СÐ-4 electromagnetic separators.
The СÐ-3 electromagnetic separator (Fig. 10) is suitable for the separation of weak magnetic and non-magnetic non-ferrous scraps with a particle size of less than 20 mm, a moisture content of not more than 4% and an oil content of not more than 0.5%. After the material is pre-depleted, it enters the action zone of the sorter. Under the action of a strong magnetic field, the weak magnetic waste material is selected from the raw materials and discharged into the receiving box, and the non-magnetic material is sent from the belt feeder to another container. The ability of the sorter to sort copper-based alloy scraps is 0.6 to 1.2 kg/sec.
Figure 10 СÐ-3 electromagnetic sorter
1-unloading device; 2~5-actuator for unloading device; 6-frame; 7-electromagnet suspension device; 8-electromagnet
The mutual doping between the sorted products does not exceed 0.5%. СÐ-3 type sorter time distance 10 mm pole face magnetic field intensity of 130 to 450 kA / m, which is the separation zone magnetic field maximum force of 7.2 × 10 13 2 Safety / m 3, the bandwidth of the feeder 400 mm, belt The thickness of the chip layer does not exceed 20 mm, and the coil (winding) is heated to a temperature of 428 ° Κ.
The ΚУΡС device (Fig. 11) for the treatment of copper-containing scrap, one of which is the СÐ-3 type sorter. The ΚУΡС device has been promoted to many companies in the all-Su recycling non-ferrous metal complex. It has high operational reliability and can guarantee the high quality of the product. This product can be used to refine the standard alloy. The raw material was first charged into a silo having a volume of 1.5 m 3 and then sent to a vibrating screen (1040 vibrating/min) to obtain products of the order of +20 and -20 mm. The +20 mm product (mainly chips) was excluded from the process. The material with a particle size of 20 mm enters the drum type magnetic separator to pre-deduct iron, and then passes from the belt feeder to the action zone of the СÐ-3 type sorter. The sorted products are discharged into the corresponding receiving bins.
Figure 11 ΚУΡС type copper-containing waste comprehensive treatment device
1-bin; 2-vibrating feeder; 3-magnetic separator; 4-electromagnetic sorting machine;
5, 8, 11, 12-bin; 6-vibrating screen; 7-belt conveyor; 9-belt feeder; 10--discharger
Copper alloys can be abandoned by integration processing ΚУΡС means of non-ferrous metal-doped ferric and ferrous scrap, bronze, iron, manganese bronze (brass), manganese bronze (brass), lead-tin bronze or brass scrap of 2% or less . The device has a sorting capacity of 1.2 kg/sec.
The СÐ-4 type sorter (Fig. 12) is capable of removing iron from contaminants and sorting different grades of weak magnetic and superconducting magnetic bronze and brass. The original waste of -20 mm particle size is firstly transferred into the permanent magnet action zone by the conveyor, the iron scraps are selected, and the weak magnetic and non-magnetic waste scraps are sent to the electromagnet. The strong magnetic field generated by the electromagnet selects the weak magnetic part. Out. In this way, the СÐ-4 type sorter can sort the waste into three products without additional iron removal equipment. The sorting machine can handle the original waste with a capacity of 1.5 kg/s, the magnetic field strength of 20 mm from the pole face is not less than 300 kA/m, and the mutual doping rate between the sorted products is not 0.2%.
Figure 12 СÐ-4 electromagnetic sorting machine
1-discharger transmission; 2-unloader; 3-magnetic shoe; 4-electromagnet; 5-arc pole; 6-permanent magnet block
The All-Su Renewable Non-Ferrous Metal Research and Design Institute developed and promoted a copper-based alloy waste separation device based on the СÐ-4 electromagnetic separator (Fig. 13).
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