With the development of China's national economy, social consumption levels of non-ferrous metals also increased year by year, but after the entire appearance of non-ferrous metals industry prosperity and development, non-ferrous metal resources crisis is slowly apparent. The reserves of mineral resources that have been discovered and can be utilized in China have been drastically reduced, and the reserves of reserve resources are seriously insufficient, which has jeopardized the sustainable supply of mineral resources. This obviously affects the health and sustainability of the entire non-ferrous industry. As a major province of the aluminum industry in Henan Province, the proven bauxite reserves can only meet the needs of the province's alumina enterprises for 5 years. China is a big country in the production and consumption of non-ferrous metals. The serious shortage of mineral resources directly restricts the sustainable and healthy development of the non-ferrous metal industry.
Corresponding to the shortage of primary resources, China has been slow to continue to recycle other non-ferrous metals, including aluminum. Compared with the western developed countries, the recycling of used aluminum metal accounts for almost half of the total aluminum industry. China's current waste aluminum recycling and smelting has remained at one-quarter to one-fifth of the amount of smelting that should be recovered. In addition to causing a large amount of waste aluminum products to be idle, it also increases the amount of social resources consumed. It is estimated that if our scrap aluminum metal production can go up to one-third of the total output of the entire aluminum industry, the annual coal consumption can reduce millions of tons of primary aluminum smelting caused thousands of tons of waste gas, Hundreds of millions of tons of waste rock waste are discharged.
In addition to saving a lot of resource consumption, the re-smelting of waste aluminum products can also reduce the social accumulation of renewable non-ferrous metals. The development of recycled aluminum resources, the implementation of circular economy of waste aluminum, not only can save the country, enterprises to save money, improve resource utilization, save energy, protect the ecological environment and other economic benefits, but also can reduce many social problems. The recycling of aluminum metal can accelerate the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of China's aluminum metal industry.
Since the recycling of waste aluminum metal is such a good thing for the benefit of the country and the people, why are there only a few small enterprises engaged in scrap aluminum smelting and processing in China, and there is no large-scale aluminum metal recycling and smelting enterprise chain? In fact, small-scale aluminum recycling smelting enterprises have relatively high energy consumption due to low technological level, waste of waste of aluminum and environmental pollution, and are not suitable for the needs of the entire recycling aluminum industry. This is mainly because there are several major bottlenecks in the process of recycling aluminum metal in China.
Policy bottleneck
For a long time, China's metal resource recycling project has been developing slowly, and the corresponding industrial supporting projects have also been slow. It is lagging behind the international level both in terms of technology and equipment, and has a considerable gap from the actual level of developed countries. . The reason for the slow development of the metal recycling industry is, first of all, that the country has always been absent from the corresponding supporting policies.
Compared with the previous years, the state's attitude towards recycled aluminum resources is not very clear. Recently, the State Council has issued a series of policies and guiding opinions, which have proposed many new development ideas for the renewable resources of recycled aluminum and other metals.
On July 2, the State Council promulgated the "Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Circular Economy" requires governments at all levels to regard the development of circular economy as an important guiding principle for economic development. The "Opinions" established that the recycling system of renewable resources should be basically improved by 2010, and the proportion of recycled aluminum to the total production of aluminum smelting should reach 25%.
On September 7, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council presided over the State Council executive meeting. The "Special Plan for Aluminum Industry Development" and the "Aluminum Industry Development Policy" adopted in principle proposed to vigorously develop a circular economy, develop and promote the use of high performance, low cost and low The consumption of new aluminum products, the development of waste aluminum recycling and recycling industry, reduce consumption, reduce pollution, and improve the utilization of aluminum resources. These policy tilts provide important policy support for the recycling and re-smelting of other scrap metals, including scrap aluminum.
In addition to the absence of policies, there are some problems with taxation in national policies. One of the main problems is the “ less earning more †of recycled aluminum companies. Waste recycling enterprises are exempt from VAT. These enterprises can use the material recovery invoices to offset 10% of the input tax; while the aluminum recycling enterprises are carrying the 17% VAT, even if there is offset, there is still a considerable part of the difference. exist. Although the waste aluminum cycle has saved a lot of investment, it has a heavy output burden.
The "Opinions" and "Planning" have given considerable policy support to the recycling of non-ferrous metals, especially aluminum, and have also given corresponding tilts in specific implementation steps. The state has initially established fiscal and taxation policies to support aluminum metal recycling, and in the coming years, these policies will be appropriately supplemented and adjusted according to the actual situation of metal recycling. In general, the introduction of these policies shows that the country is determined to expand the scale of aluminum metal recycling.
Technical bottleneck
The chemical nature of metallic aluminum is relatively active, and it is relatively easy to react chemically with acid and alkali. Once it is directly corroded or oxidized by strong acid, it can not be recycled after being corroded by strong alkali, resulting in permanent waste. However, the chemical nature of metallic aluminum has certain advantages. For example, primary aluminum is extremely easy to combine with oxygen in the air to form a hard aluminum oxide protective layer, which prevents air from further corroding the interior of the metal. In addition to recovering and smelting waste aluminum, the processing cost is lower than that of primary aluminum smelting and the pollution is small. Instead of exposing a large amount of waste aluminum products to air or acid and alkali environment, causing huge pollution, it is better to recycle and rationally use them. To reduce pollution to the entire natural environment.
Some aluminum castings and aluminum profiles consume very little during use. As long as they are not corroded, they can almost achieve 100% recovery. This mainly includes aluminum profiles for construction, aluminum fittings, and aluminum cans; Recycling, in addition to chemically used aluminum chemical containers (which have been chemically corroded), as well as food and pharmaceutical packaging materials (often compounded with other materials), it is difficult to peel aluminum from composite aluminum, making The difficulty of recycling increases. In addition, the extraction of pure aluminum from aluminum alloy products also has certain technical difficulties and requires a relatively high production process. The development of modern science and technology has provided technical support for improving the recycling and smelting process of non-ferrous metal materials, making it possible to recycle aluminum scrap with high efficiency and low consumption. In the future, we should actively develop high-efficiency, non-polluting waste aluminum metal recyclable materials and recycling and dismantling technologies to promote the upgrading of recycled aluminum metal.
In fact, some research institutes and enterprises have made a lot of efforts in the recycling and recycling of waste aluminum metal. At present, China has become the world's second largest producer of recycled aluminum after the United States. The ratio of recycled aluminum to primary aluminum is about 1:3, although it is much lower than the recycled proportion of recycled aluminum in developed countries. The production ratio of primary aluminum is about 1:2), but the results are indeed very proud. Because aluminum recycling and smelting as a marginal industry of the aluminum industry started far later than developed countries, it only began when social production of aluminum consumption reached a certain number of years. China's aluminum recycling smelting began in Hebei in the 1970s. In recent years, the growth rate has been very fast. Basically, the annual growth rate has remained above 10%, and it is expected to exceed 16% this year.
In addition to policy and economic support, the state has specially arranged funds for special research on recycling aluminum metal in the above three documents, trying to solve the specific scientific and technological problems in the process of recycling and reprocessing from a technical level. Of course, in the specific research process, in addition to the efforts of relevant scientific research units, some relevant colleges with expertise will also give full play to technological advantages and talent advantages. Â Once the technical problems have been solved, corresponding technical support has been provided for large-scale smelting and processing of recycled aluminum. The development of aluminum metal recycling has entered a substantive stage. The most important solution is the funding of supporting construction.
Fund bottleneck
Metallic aluminum recycling requires a large investment of funds, including the investment of research, including the use of appropriate technology to transform existing primary aluminum production lines, and the corresponding new production processes developed with new technologies. Construction of supporting facilities. In fact, because the primary aluminum smelting process and the recycled aluminum recycling process have almost completely different technical requirements, the original aluminum smelting (preparation of alumina from bauxite, electrolytic aluminum from alumina) machine and production process is attempted to be transformed into Recycled aluminum production lines are almost impossible. However, it is possible to consider making full use of its production facilities and skilled technical force for production on the basis of the original large-scale aluminum smelting enterprises. For the country and the entire aluminum industry, it can save a considerable part of the investment, and for the enterprise, it also adds a resource reserve background for itself.
In addition, the state will also provide subsidized loans, financial subsidies, etc., and even direct financial support for projects and technology development involving metal aluminum recycling when necessary. The country welcomes and actively guides social funds to invest in the sunrise industry of aluminum metal recycling.
The capital investment in recycled aluminum may be due to the launch of new projects, the initial investment is large, but the energy consumption in the subsequent production process is relatively small. Recycled aluminum is not a state-limited high-energy-consuming industry, because it is estimated that the total energy consumption per ton of recycled aluminum is only one-twentieth of that of primary aluminum smelting. At the same time, all parties are working hard to eliminate the tariff on imported aluminum scrap. If the idea can be realized, the cost of recycling aluminum will be further reduced on the basis of the original. In addition, the tax rate in the metal recycling field is also lower than in the past, which will further reduce the cost of the aluminum cycle, reduce the burden for enterprises, and speed up the recovery of funds.
From the perspective of the development of the whole industry, investing in new aluminum recycling projects can reduce the exploitation of mine resources and protect resources for sustainable development. The construction of new mines requires the state to invest a large amount of funds to carry out complex links such as geological exploration, supporting facilities construction, smelting, transportation and sales, and bauxite is a non-renewable resource. Once the mine is hollowed out, the original investment is completely idle and leads to resources. Shortage. Taking these factors into consideration, recycling aluminum metal can save money and costs for the entire industry.
Enterprises interested in recycling aluminum metal can raise funds on their own. Compared with the investment quota required for the new electrolytic aluminum project, the recovery cost of old aluminum is very low, and the income is high. The enterprise can recover the investment relatively quickly. At the same time, in the current context of the continuous introduction of policies to curb the excessive growth of high energy consumption, high pollution and resource products, the electrolytic aluminum project has to undergo strict examination and approval and is strictly controlled by the state. It is a new form of industry that the state strongly advocates and encourages development. The state will certainly give relative support in the process of examination and approval and investment. Therefore, investing in the construction of aluminum recycling equipment is a good choice for the benefit of the country and the development of its own.
Future expectation
In the recycling process of scrap metal, the company is mainly faced with two problems: the first is whether the raw material, that is, the supply of scrap metal is sufficient, the price is low, and the material meets the recycling requirements; the second is the sale of finished products. That is, whether the recycled metal can meet the properties of the original metal, downstream companies are willing to use recycled metal as raw materials. For metal aluminum, these two problems are easily solved.
First, the recycled metal must involve the recovery of metals. China's waste metal recycling development has been relatively slow for many years, especially scrap aluminum. Except for some enterprises in Hebei, which are engaged in recycling and processing, other enterprises are not large in scale and have not yet achieved economies of scale. This has accumulated a large amount of raw materials for the recovery of waste aluminum in China. Some experts have estimated that the average service life of aluminum products is about 15 years. However, in addition to the products that have been compulsory scrapped in some countries, the phenomenon of over-service of aluminum products is abundant. In China's economically underdeveloped areas, many far exceed the retirement years. Aluminum products are still in use, and even if they are retired, they are not completely recycled and are in an idle state. China's recycling rate of recyclable waste aluminum is currently only about 75%, and companies can be completely worried about the supply of raw materials.
In order to truly achieve recycling, aluminum metal must greatly enhance its scientific and technological strength and promote the performance of its products. When the smelting process of recycled aluminum reaches a certain level, the chemical and physical properties of recycled aluminum and primary aluminum can be completely the same, which can completely replace the application of primary aluminum in production and life. At present, China's auto industry's " weight reduction " , the need for aluminum is constantly increasing, as long as the various indicators meet the standard, recycled aluminum can fully play in this field. It is estimated that by 2010, the demand for recycled aluminum in China's auto industry will rise from the current 200,000 tons to 1 million tons, and the amount has increased fivefold. The automobile industry is only a development direction of waste aluminum recycling and utilization. “ Broad world, great achievements †, and the recycling of aluminum products in other fields has broad prospects.
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