Antimony can generate a variety of SbX 3 and SbX 5 compound with a halogen compound directly, but does not generate SbBr 5 and SbI 5. The following table shows the physical properties of the halogen compounds of hydrazine.
Physical properties of halogen compounds
nature | SbF 3 | SbCl 3 | SbBr 3 | SbI 3 | SbF 5 | SbCl 5 |
Molecular weight | 178.75 | 228.11 | 361.48 | 502.46 | 216.74 | 299.02 |
Form of existence | Oblique line | Oily liquid | ||||
colour | colorless | white | red | colorless | ||
Density ∕ (g·cm -3 ) | 4.379 | 3.06 | 4.148 | 4.85 | 2.99 (21 ° C) | 2.336 (20 ° C) |
Melting point ∕°C | 280±1 | 73.4 | 96.0±0.5 | 170.5 | 6 | 3.2±0.1 |
Boiling point ∕ °C | 346±10 | 222.6 | 287 | 401 | 150 | 68 (1.82kPa) |
| -915.5 | -382.2 | -259 | -100 | -45.8±6.2 | |
| 127 | 184 | 207 | 216±1 | 263±12 | |
| 21.4 | 22.2 ± 0.2 | ||||
| 38.2 | 55.5±0.14 (444 ° C) | ||||
| 102.8±1.3 (298°C) | 46.72 (496°C) | 53.2 (540 ° C) | 43.45 (449°C) | ||
| 175.8±2.5 (298°C) | 93.3 (496°C) | 94.9 (560 ° C) | 95.44 (449°C) | ||
| 108 | 96 | ||||
| 144 | |||||
| 106.6±0.4 |
SbCl 3 : It is a transparent oily liquid after melting. It is commercially known as “oyster oil†and is highly corrosive. It produces SbOCl fumes in humid air and is easily soluble in water. A small amount of water can make it a clear solution, which occurs when diluted. In the hydrolysis reaction, SbOCl or Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 bismuth oxychloride is precipitated depending on the degree of dilution. The relationship between vapor pressure and temperature is as follows:
Temperature / ° C 50.3 99.7 149.8 199.3 223.5
Vapor pressure / Pa 146.65 2399.796 16038.64 59514.94 101324.72
SbCl 5 : Decomposes when boiling, releases chlorine gas and converts to SbCl 3 ; Conversely, if SbCl 5 is obtained by passing chlorine in SbCl 3 solution, it is soluble in hydrochloric acid and chloroform, and can react with inorganic and organic substances to form a series of complexes. Antimony pentachloride is a strong oxidant.
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