Jennifer Lewis' lab, a Harvard-based materials scientist and bioengineering professor, has used 3D printing to make the proximal tubules of the human kidney, the most important structures that make up the basic units of the kidney and function almost as close as those in healthy kidneys End tube exactly the same. The new artificial tissue can be used to help patients with impaired renal function in vitro and to test the toxicity of new drugs in drug development, taking a significant step towards obtaining a portable artificial kidney.
Researchers have been trying to make artificial kidneys, but over 20 years have not yet overcome the enormous challenges posed by the complex three-dimensional structure of human kidneys and the internal honeycombed structures. The proximal tubule is the longest and longest segment of the tubule and is the "reabsorption" site for almost all of the raw glucose, amino acids and proteins, and most of the water, ions, and urea.
The new artificial proximal tubule tissue was created by Louis Labs using the innovative bio-printing technology they developed earlier. Bio-printing technology uses a variety of different gel-like "inks", remove the ink after printing, leaving the hollow pipe, and then add cells to the empty tube, you can develop the desired organization. This technique can be used to print complex structures in different tissues of the body, including the vascular system that maintains tissue activity.
As many as 10% of the world's population suffer from chronic kidney disease, millions of whom need dialysis to sustain their lives, but dialysis machines, after all, fail to replace the kidneys and often make patients very distressed. They hope to relieve their pain through kidney transplants, but only 16,000 people are lucky enough to undergo kidney transplants each year due to a shortage of kidney. Lewis said that with a synthetic proximal tubule, the entire kidney could theoretically be synthesized, perhaps in a few years, and 3D-printed kidneys could be transplanted to patients.
Currently, 3D-printed proximal tubules have a wide range of medical uses, such as an in vitro model for testing drug effects; an in vitro device for developing kidney dialysis patients; and about 20% of drugs are toxic to the kidneys Failure in clinical trials, testing the toxicity of drugs in vitro with artificial kidney tissue can avoid the huge cost of human clinical trials.
On the one hand, many patients waiting for organ transplants are suffering from the extremely scarce number of organ donation. Therefore, people hope that the bio-3D printing technology can solve the pressing problem, and although it also has some problems such as insufficient printing precision and rough cells, the emerging achievements are pushing the technology step by step. Most optimistic estimates, a transplanted 3D printed kidney, may not take 10 years to get on the path of practical application.
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