The person in charge of the Imperial Palace said that the input value was incorrect and caused the instrument to crush the artifacts.

In response to the online rumors that “Forbidden City employees shattered the porcelain of the Song Dynasty”, the Palace Museum changed its mouth yesterday after responding to “Tai Chi” like the previous day, confirming that a piece of porcelain belonging to the Song Dynasty at the national level was the national treasure of the Song Dynasty. During the analysis and testing on the 4th, the staff was damaged due to operational errors.

The Palace Museum stated that all test work had been suspended since the incident. The accident investigation team provided some opinions and suggestions on the analysis of accident causes and rectification measures, and discussed the handling of relevant persons responsible. The relevant information shows that the National Palace Museum has not reported the matter to the competent authorities as required.

[Focus 1] How to damage the national treasure?

The staff erroneously crushed the porcelain plate the day before yesterday afternoon, netizen “Dragon Can” posted on Sina Weibo, saying that the staff of the Forbidden City’s artifacts accidentally dropped it when they brought out a national-level cultural relic of the Song Dynasty Gochang porcelain. broken. In the evening, our reporter asked the Palace Museum for confirmation of the matter. The reply was: “We have already seen this Weibo. We understand whether it is true or not. Once the situation is identified, it will be announced to the public as soon as possible.” (See the report yesterday.)

Yesterday at noon, the Palace Museum sent a report to the reporter on the “Destruction of Song Dynasty Kiln Porcelain Damage during Test”. The situation explained that at about 10:00 a.m. on July 4th, researchers of the Ancient Ceramics Detection and Research Laboratory of the Palace Museum performed non-destructive analysis tests on the Song Dynasty Geokyo celadon plate (first-grade B) extracted from the ancient artifacts department. Cultural artifacts have occurred.

After the incident, the laboratory researchers checked the relevant data, detected the equipment that had the accident, repeatedly simulated the experimental process, and held several group discussions. The relevant experts outside the hospital were invited to participate in the demonstration and analyze the cause of the accident. They formed on July 21st. The first draft of the accident investigation report. The primary reason for the initial determination of the report was that the laboratory scientists had mistakes in the operation of the instrument, which caused the sample table in the instrument to rise too far, causing the porcelain to be squeezed and damaged.

[Focus 2] How to handle the accident?

A preliminary discussion on how to deal with responsible persons states that after the accident, the scientific research personnel immediately stopped the operation of the instrument, protected the scene, and reported to the department leader. The person in charge of the relevant department of the Palace Museum and the leaders of the competent institutes immediately rushed to the scene and decided to suspend all testing work in the laboratory and test the equipment. Subsequently, an accident investigation team consisting of leaders of relevant courts and department heads was established.

On the afternoon of July 5th, the investigation team held a meeting and listened to the reports of relevant personnel, analyzed the possible causes of the accident, and further clarified the tasks and progress of the work.

After the investigation team members reviewed the investigation report on the cause of the accident that took place on July 21, July 26, the investigation team conducted a collective discussion on the report, and proposed some analysis of the causes of the accident and the rectification measures. The opinions and suggestions require further supplementation of the report in order to report it to the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as soon as possible. At the same time, a preliminary discussion was conducted on the handling of those responsible for accidents.

[Focus 3] Why test?

There are many difficulties in the study of the Five Famous Kilns. The millennial treasures were destroyed and netizens questioned the “Nondestructive Analysis Test” of the Palace Museum. The situation statement also responds to this, saying that in view of the long-standing difficulties in the academic research of the Five Famous Kilns in the Song Dynasty, the Palace Museum has combined traditional research methods and modern scientific and technological means in recent years to gradually carry out tests and research in order to promote some of them. Resolve important issues.

Since last year, as part of the Song Dynasty Guan Kiln Porcelain research project, the National Palace Museum has successfully completed the analysis and testing of more than 50 pieces of ceramic artifacts using this NDT instrument.

[Focus 4] Is the situation reported?

The accident situation has not yet been reported to the competent authority of Article 48 of the “People's Republic of China Cultural Relics Protection Law”: If a cultural relic at the collection level is damaged, it shall be reported to the administrative department of cultural relics of the State Council for verification and handling. Any damage to cultural relics in other collections shall be reported to the administrative department of cultural relics of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government for verification and handling.

The "Administrative Measures for Emergency Management of Emergency Activities of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage" stipulates that state-owned cultural relics institutions should report to the administrative department in charge of cultural relics at or above the county level within 2 hours after they become aware of an emergency or should have known that an emergency has occurred. In the event that Grade I cultural objects are lost or damaged, the administrative department for cultural relics at or above the county level shall report to the People's Government at the same level and the administrative department of cultural relics at a higher level within two hours of receiving the report, and report to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage at the same time.

The reporter learned from the Ministry of Culture and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics yesterday that none of them had received the relevant report. The staff of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage said that the relevant questions can be answered on Monday.

Why did the incident remain secret for nearly a month after the accident? The Palace Museum has the following statement in the case description: The accident investigation team requires comprehensive and meticulous investigations to thoroughly investigate the cause of the accident, and at the same time, it prepares relevant materials. After all the causes of the accident have been clearly investigated, it is reported to the Ministry of Culture in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. National Heritage Bureau.

National treasure archives

Name: Geiyao Celadon Sunflower Petal Plate Birthday: Song Dynasty Body Type: Height 4.1cm, Caliber 20.2cm, Foot 7.5cm

Features: It is a six-petall sunflower, shallow belly, and tan bottom. Six ridges protrude inward from the abdominal wall, and the ring foot also changes with the abdominal wall. The whole body is applied with a gray glaze, and the glaze has finely broken pieces. The legs are dark brown in color. Elegant, generous, and varied lines are the representative works of Goyao.

[About Goose]

Ge Kiln is one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty (Guan, Ge, Yi, Ding, and Xun), and is famous for its profile. Its characteristics can be summarized as: black fetal thick glaze, purple iron foot, glazed open size pattern. Since the Song dynasty's kiln site has not been discovered yet, people today can only read the history of the kiln from the handed down works.

According to the “Digital Archives” data of the Palace Museum’s official website, there are currently 1,797 state-level cultural relics in the National Palace Museum, including 10 Song Dynasty Kilns.

This edition was written by Zhang Ran, a reporter of this newspaper, and the subject was national grade one. The precious porcelain of the Song Dynasty was damaged in the research of the National Palace Museum. Dialogue time July 31, 15:00 Dialogue Venue Palace Museum Dialogue Characters The National Palace Museum Associate Dean and Accident Investigation Team Chang Lihua Deputy Director of the Palace Museum Song Jirong Director of the Department of Cultural Protection, Palace Museum of the Palace Museum Miao Jianmin Director of Cultural Relics Management Department of the Palace Museum The spokesman of the Palace Museum Feng Naien [Keywords] testing equipment

The input value is wrong. The instrument crushed the treasure. This is produced by the American EDAX company. At least seven or eight organizations in our country have purchased and used this equipment. Reporter: First of all, I would like to know from a professional point of view, this accident is not a low-level error. ?

Miao Jianmin: The Ancient Ceramics Detection and Research Laboratory of the National Palace Museum was established in 2005. This device has been used from the beginning until now. The parties often use the device and it is one of the first people to take over the device. Last year, we began to perform inspections of the official kiln of the Song Dynasty's five famous kilns. We detected a total of more than 50 pieces of complete artifacts. There was no problem and it was very smooth. This year, the inspection of the kiln began. Unfortunately, scientific researchers made mistakes during the operation.

Reporter: How did this error occur?

Miao Jianmin: This is the case: There is a large sample stage in the detection equipment. When the object is placed on the sample stage for inspection, the sample needs to be raised to a certain height for focusing. Due to a problem in the input value of the operating scientific researcher, the rise of the sample table in the instrument is too large, and the porcelain is squeezed and damaged.

Reporter: Can you introduce this kind of testing equipment?

Miao Jianmin: This is produced by the American EDAX company. At least seven or eight institutions in China have purchased and used this equipment.

【Keywords】 Inspectors

It was very painful that the Master of Engineering was born after the accident. The laboratory was established in 2005. She was the first to work in the laboratory and was considered as a senior reporter: What kind of qualifications are required to conduct a cultural relic inspection? Is the person qualified?

Miao Jianmin: This is a graduate student of science and engineering. In 2004, he came to this lab and had formal training. For quite some time she had used this device. Its professional and technical titles are intermediate. Since our laboratory was established in 2005, she was the first to work in a laboratory and was considered a senior. Last year she also participated in the detection of more than 50 pieces of ancient porcelain. Nothing has happened.

Reporter: Why are there operational errors this time?

Miao Jianmin: This has subjective and objective reasons. The objective reason is that there are also places on the instrument that can be improved according to the special needs of the Forbidden City. For example, this instrument does not have a reconfirmed function after entering a value. Just like the phone wants to delete a message, it will prompt the user whether it really wants to delete, but this instrument does not have this function. However, we still believe that we should look for reasons subjectively because of our own operational errors. The parties are very distressed. This is not just a matter of personal responsibility. This artifact is a precious porcelain that is collected by the Forbidden City. Because of our erroneous losses, this is irreparable. Everyone is very sad.

[Keywords] degree of damage

Breaking the porcelain plate into six pieces is not a problem. The artifact is broken into six pieces. Although the damage is somewhat complicated, the repair should not be a problem. Reporter: This damaged cultural relic is classified as Class I. What is the concept? How damaged?

娄玮: According to national regulations, precious cultural relics are divided into one, two, and three levels. Class I artifacts are among the most precious. The National Palace Museum also classifies the first-level cultural relics into the first level and the second level. As long as it is enough, it is very precious. There are a total of 63 Golan cultural relics in our hospital, 57 of which are primary products, including Grade 1 and Grade 1B. At present, this artifact is broken into 6 petals. Although the damage is somewhat complicated, the repair should not be a problem. China has a wealth of experience in the restoration of ceramics, not only the Palace Museum, but also the Shanghai Museum and other cultural institutions, have a very mature repair experience.

【Keywords】 Are you reporting?

The cause of the accident can be complicated and the report can only be made clearly to understand the cause of the accident before reporting to the superior and the public. If you do not understand the reasons, it will cause harm to the manufacturers and the parties. Reporter: Netizens questioned the Imperial Palace. Why didn't you quickly report to the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage?

Chen Lihua: Internet users' questions can be understood. Because of the accident, both the human factor and the use of the machine. We demanded that the inspection be stopped immediately and that all instruments be inspected and tested at the first time. Complexity is in the process of testing the machine. If it can be simply concluded as an operator's mistake, this will cause some follow-up problems. The party’s intuition was that there was no problem with the value entered. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out tests and repeatedly simulate the data she has entered... Every time I finish it, I must discuss it, and I invite the professors of science and technology at Beijing University of Culture and Technology, and professors of the Physics Department of Beijing Normal University to conduct relevant analysis and discussion. Finally concluded that it is a human error. I am the head of the investigation. The court asked me to investigate the facts within a month. During this period, I was in a hurry. But the process is complicated.

Miao Jianmin: Since the data entered by the parties is not directly recorded within the computer, we only have to find ways to check the data and find relevant records that can indirectly reflect this situation. The accident investigation team was set up in the hospital. We also set up similar investigation teams at the technical level. By continuously simulating and copying the test process, the parties realized that they were wrong in the face of facts.

Song Jirong: This is something that the Forbidden City has never encountered before. It involves both the damage to the cultural relics and the instruments involved. In this new situation, the courtyard was very careful. We are very rigorous in following the scientific approach to make things clear and to handle this matter cautiously.

Reporter: Why did you not report to the Ministry of Culture and the Cultural Relics Bureau in time?

Ruan: The Cultural Relics Law stipulates that if the cultural relics are robbed, stolen, lost, etc., they shall immediately report an alarm and report to their superior business department. In the case of damages, etc., in the course of business work, it is necessary to report to the competent national cultural relics department for examination and handling, but there is no time limit. In view of the complexity of the accident, our institute has set a one-month time limit. Our treatment should be a more normal treatment. First of all, it is necessary to understand the cause of the accident before reporting to the superior and the public. If you do not understand the reasons, it will cause harm to the manufacturers and the parties and cause other related problems. This is a scientific and rigorous attitude and there are no false reports.

Reporter: Netizens questioned that the recent thefts in the Forbidden City, the "club door", and even today's damage cases are all on the Internet. You responded passively. What do you think about this?

Chen Lihua: In terms of the current incident alone, it is entirely to obtain a scientific and accurate answer. The courtyard must be careful and accurate, and it must be scientific. The accident was entirely due to the complexity of the accident leading to such a time course. However, there is indeed no so-called rumors that netizens question.

【Keywords】 accident reflection

When the research direction is correct, it must not be the case that people and scientific researchers of the ancient artifacts department of the National Palace Museum are present at the same time. However, at the time of measurement, only one reporter from the scientific research staff was present at the scene: Does the incident have any impact on the related scientific research of the Forbidden City?

Miao Jianmin: The combination of social science research methods and modern science and technology methods is a comprehensive research on ancient ceramics. This is a development direction. From the results we have achieved before, this road is correct and this direction will not change. of. What we need to do now is to prevent such incidents from happening in the worst case.

Feng Naunen: The Palace Museum will not make this research because of an accident. But we must learn from the accident. The rectification measures we put forward in the report are all intended to guide how to avoid or eliminate the occurrence of such accidents in the future work.

Reporter: What lessons do you think you need to learn?

Miao Jianmin: After the accident, we conducted a deep reflection. In the past, the Forbidden City has always considered very carefully the safety of cultural relics. Our ancient ceramics detection and research laboratories did not directly touch cultural relics at the time. When they were measured, they were all present at the same time by people and scientific researchers of the ancient artifacts department of the Forbidden City. But when measuring now, only one scientist is on site. If there are two scientific researchers present, they can verify each other's operations, so that similar accidents can be avoided as much as possible. This is something that needs strengthening and improvement in the future.

【Keywords】 About artifacts

The National Palace Museum’s collections of cultural relics are regarded as eyes. Our task is to collect cultural relics, study them well and display them well. Please be assured that we will do a good job. Believe that the people of the Forbidden City fear the Palace. Reporter: Mr. Feng Nainen, as a spokesperson for the Forbidden City, what do you have to say to the public?

Feng Naunen: I hope the people will maintain a trust in the Forbidden City. One is that the Forbidden City has many years of experience in the management of cultural relics. What's more important is that the Forbidden City cherishes its collection of cultural relics. This incident is a very painful lesson for us. We will analyze the cause of the accident and find out where we need to make up for in future work so as to ensure that we will prevent this phenomenon from occurring in future research and custody efforts, at least in humans. Factors put an end to it. Although objective factors are unpredictable, we can meet the needs of cultural relics and cultural relics research through our personnel management and institutional establishment. Research on cultural relics is not just the matter of the Forbidden City itself. The study of cultural relics is good, and the purpose is to serve the public. Because the National Palace Museum itself is a public cultural unit, our task is to collect cultural relics, study well, and display well. Please be assured that we will do a good job. Please believe that the people of the Forbidden City have a fear for the Forbidden City. According to Xinhua News Agency News

Ma Weidu talked about damaging cultural relics:

Not as good as it can be photographed on the 10 million yuan Jinghua Times: First of all, please tell us about the kiln porcelain.

Ma Weidu (collector, curator of the Guanfu Museum): Geyao was a saying after the Ming Dynasty, and it was not said during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Because only the Goyao in the Song Dynasty's five famous kilns have not yet found the kiln site, it is still controversial that the porcelain of the Goian kiln is currently handed down. For so many years, Ge Yao has always been an unsolved mystery in the cultural heritage community.

Jinghua Times: Have you seen this damaged Goryok kiln celadon flap in the Song Dynasty? How to evaluate?

Ma Weidu: I've seen it before in the museum. It's very good. It must be a good thing, elegant and generous. What needs to be explained is that the appreciating value of Go Kiln is particularly manifested in the fact that "chemical defects are incomplete." The kiln surface of the kiln was originally a defect in the firing process of the porcelain. As a result, the literati summed it up and realized that it was a kind of beauty. Therefore, the kiln was a typical defect beauty, just like the broken arm Venus. Another category and realm of beauty.

Jinghua Times: Many netizens are very sorry for the damage to this artifact. They say that there are only three in the world and they say that its valuation is as high as several hundred million. Is that right?

Ma Weidu: It is a fact that Gekio is rare in the world, but it does not reach the point where there are only a few pieces. According to my understanding, there are still hundreds of pieces in the world. From the perspective of economic value, the recent auction, Sotheby’s made a £1 million kiln porcelain in London last May, £1 million, and in the same year autumn Sotheby’s another porcelain kiln made in New York was Of the 1.76 million U.S. dollars, the most expensive transaction record price in recent years was about 3 million U.S. dollars, equivalent to more than 20 million U.S. dollars. Of course, things in the Forbidden City must be more precious and they cannot be absolute standards.

Jinghua Times: From the perspective of the museum manager, what kind of thinking does this matter give you?

Ma Weidu: There must be strict procedures for the museum's cultural relics. In the Forbidden City, the staff who have access to the first class cultural relics must not be ordinary people. They must be trained. When such a thing happens, I think it may be a problem of responsibility. Any system that is complete will die, so that people who are not responsible will have problems.