If you ignore the wheels, the space underneath the car makes the car appear to be suspended in midair. How do you combine the body that appears to be suspended in midair with the wheels that touch the ground? The combined device is a suspension system.
In addition to supporting the weight of the vehicle body, the suspension system is also responsible for reducing vibration during driving and handling performance of the vehicle. So how is the suspension system magically functioning to reduce the vibration during driving and the driving performance of the vehicle? It was originally included in the suspension system shock absorbers, springs, anti-roll bars, connecting rods and other mechanical parts.
First, the spring
Used to buffer shock devices. Use spring variants to absorb energy. The common spring type is a "ring spring". Other springs used in automobiles include plate springs and torsion bar springs.
Second, shock absorber
A device used to cushion shocks and absorb energy. The interior of the shock absorber relies on liquid or gas pressure to push the valve to absorb the vibration energy and to slow the vibration. The use of pneumatic shock absorbers, the price is generally higher than the use of hydraulic pressure. There are also a few high-priced shock absorbers that will adopt liquid and air pressure sharing designs.
Third, anti-roll bar
The two ends of the ㄇ-shaped rod are respectively connected to the left and right suspension devices. When the wheels on the left and right sides move up and down, respectively, torque will be generated and the rod itself will be twisted, and the reaction force generated by the force of the rod body will be utilized. Keep the left and right sides of the car at similar heights.
Therefore, "anti-roll bar" is also called "torque bar", "anti-roll bar", "balance bar", "torque balance bar", "smooth bar" and so on.
Four, connecting rod
Used to connect the wheels and the body of the pole. The shape of the connecting rod can be a simple round bar, or it can be a structure made of steel plate.
The following introduces the independent suspension system and the non-independent suspension system:
Independent suspension system
The independent suspension system is a suspension type in which the left and right wheels can move independently. The common independent suspension system has double A arm type, MacPherson strut type, multi-link type, trailing arm type, semi-drag arm type.
Advantages of independent suspension
1. The weight of the suspension system is light, the wheels are well grounded, ride comfort is good, and the stability of the control is good.
2. The degree of freedom of the change of the wheel angle is large, which helps to improve the stability of the control.
3. The degree of freedom between the suspension components is a method of preventing earthquakes and also helps to prevent noise from occurring.
Disadvantages of independent suspension
1. The number of parts is large and the precision of parts is required to be high, resulting in high cost.
2. Due to the large degree of freedom of the connecting rod, it is not conducive to tire wear.
3. Larger installation space is required.
4. The characteristics of the suspension system must be carefully adjusted.
Non-independent suspension system
The non-independent suspension system is a suspension method in which one axle (or structural member) links left and right wheels. Due to the difference in the suspension structure and the way of connection with the body, there are many types of non-independent suspension systems. Common non-independent suspension systems include parallel plate springs, torsion beam axles, and torsion beams.
Advantages of non-independent suspension systems
1. Because the left and right wheels are involved in the bouncing, the small change in the tire angle causes the tire to wear less.
2. It is not easy to change the angle of the wheel when the height of the vehicle is lowered, so that the feeling of control is consistent.
3. Simple structure, low manufacturing cost and easy maintenance.
4. The occupied space is small, which can reduce the height of the car chassis.
Disadvantages of non-independent suspension systems
1. When the left and right wheels bounce, they will impinge on each other, which will reduce the ride comfort and control stability.
2. Because of the simple structure, the freedom of design is small, and the stability of the control is poor.
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