Copper metal is widely used in the field of wire and cable because of its good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. However, compared to aluminum, China's copper resources are scarce, coupled with the relative strength of copper prices in recent years, "aluminum on behalf of the copper" has gradually become the industry's hot spots.
In fact, in the 1950s, the world wire and cable industry put forward the development direction of "aluminum on behalf of copper." At present, the foreign aluminum wire has been widely used in substation transformers , in-screen bus, the size of the interface of the dry wire and other fields, of which Thailand application ratio of 90%, 70% in South Korea and Japan, Europe 60%, the Americas 50%. However, the development of "aluminum-substituted copper" in our country is relatively slow. Data show that in 2012 China's copper and aluminum conductor industry, the total output of 5.1 million tons and 2.3 million tons respectively, aluminum conductors accounted for only 31%.
China's "aluminum copper" promotion difficult, mainly because of the community there are doubts and prejudices aluminum conductor. On the one hand, the market acceptance of aluminum is not high, and even suspected of its existence of security risks, few consumers are willing to take the initiative to choose "aluminum copper" electrical or communications equipment. On the other hand, the market generally believes that because of technical problems, aluminum wire can not be an alternative to copper wire. In fact, this is not the case. With the improvement of the structure and the improvement of technology, the development of aluminum wire in our country has gradually matured. At present, the aluminum alloy cable has superior safety performance, electrical property, mechanical property and longer service life, and can fully meet the requirements of distribution transformers and other related fields The reliability requirements.
In addition, the aluminum wire has its unique advantages over the copper wire, the most obvious of which is the lower cost. The density of copper is 8.9 g / cm3, the density of aluminum is 2.7 g / cm3, and the weight of the copper conductor is 3.3 times that of the aluminum conductor under the same conductor specifications. However, the electrical conductivity of aluminum is only about 60% of that of copper, and the aluminum conductor has a relatively large cross-sectional area when the same current is transmitted. Based on the above factors, if the two wires have the same current carrying capacity, the quality of the copper wire is about double that of the aluminum wire, and the difference between the price of copper and aluminum eventually results in the cost of the equivalent copper wire being about 7 times that of the aluminum wire.
It is worth noting that due to the relatively large cross-sectional area of ​​aluminum wire under the same conditions, the demand for materials such as insulation and protection of aluminum-core cables is increased, correspondingly reducing the price advantage of aluminum wires. Currently on the market generally used aluminum alloy cable price is only about 75% of copper cable. In addition, from the viewpoint of installation cost, the aluminum wire is relatively light, which eliminates the need for the bridge and the pipe during installation, thus saving a large amount of installation materials and saving installation costs of 20% -50% compared with copper wires.
Under the influence of the obvious cost advantages of aluminum wire and the relative lack of copper resources in China, the enterprises in the industry also intensified the R & D of related technologies. In recent years, China's aluminum alloy cable industry has made great achievements in the transformation and upgrading of low-voltage cable technology and product replacement. With the continuous maturity of technology and increasing market acceptance, the scale of "aluminum-copper-based" in China is expected to increase substantially.
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