Feng Wei (Hangzhou Fork Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310004, Zhejiang, China, expounds the current problems and status of China's logistics machinery manufacturing, analyzes and proposes the logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises' future efforts and their development direction.
President Jiang Zemin of logistics machinery, manufacturing enterprises and technological innovation once pointed out clearly: “We must vigorously promote system innovation and technological innovation, in particular accelerate high-tech research with strategic significance, strive to form a group of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and accelerate progress. Transformation of scientific and technological achievements to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure." Recalling the development of China's logistics machinery manufacturing industry, we have experienced a transition from scratch to smallness: we have gone through more than 40 years. In particular, after more than two years of reform and opening up in the later period, through the introduction, digestion, and absorption of technology, China's logistics machinery has made great strides in both the quality of its products and the quantity and specifications of its products. However, in the process of transition from a planned economy to a market economy, many logistics machinery manufacturing companies seem to be repeating the tragedies experienced by home appliances, motorcycles, and automobiles in order to compete for a temporary market profit: “incognito†in production. OEM "artificial"; technically "acquired"; in the marketing strategy, Da Daguo logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises in the economic restructuring should be careful not to step into the technical vacuum of misunderstanding.
2 logistics machinery manufacturing industry is facing a technological vacuum erosion price war has long been common for the people, from the production companies to the sales business: from the state-run to individual; all without exception, staged a thrilling price war. As the saying goes, "The amateurs look busy and the insiders watch the door." As a person in the industry or a bystander, it is the formation of a technological vacuum that comes to see what is happening in front of us. The so-called technological vacuum, simply put, refers to the technological gap that appears in the field due to the lack of corresponding or critical technology in the production or development of a certain field. In the investigation, the author found that China's large and medium-sized logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises almost all have joint ventures or cooperation with foreign counterparts to some degree, and the formation of a technological vacuum is in the process of joint venture or cooperation. . As the logistics machinery production technology, production equipment and more from abroad, especially the core technology or key technologies of machinery, such as microelectronics control technology and sensor technology widely used in logistics machinery, are basically monopolized by foreign companies. . The joint venture itself is not wrong. The purpose of the joint venture is to introduce advanced technology from abroad. The mistake is in the joint venture process. It only stays in the simple digestion and absorption, but it fails to make substantial improvements on this basis. That is to say, companies have "taken" more in the process of joint ventures, and less independent research and development, that is, the lack of independent research and development capabilities. In the core technology, if you have been relying on foreign companies, it is undoubted that Chinese companies that produce complete machines in the market competition are the Chinese companies that produce complete machines. Those hiding in the back office are often those foreign companies that focus on R&D, and domestically produced whole machines. The product is just a technology carrier for foreign companies. In the market competition, foreign companies mainly focus on technical output and core components. They always live in the upstream of the entire logistics machinery industry chain. On the contrary, Chinese enterprises are always in the industrial chain due to lack of strong independent development capabilities. Downstream: In the production process of logistics machinery, mainly rely on foreign technology and equipment for production; in the market competition, through the sale of low-profit machine products to achieve profitability.
Therefore, the price war in the market competition can not be avoided.
Today, science and technology have replaced energy and resources and become the major bottleneck restricting China's economic development. So far, China has not yet formed a technological system of independent intellectual property rights. The key technologies and core technologies of logistics machinery are basically dependent on foreign countries. Analysis of the reasons for the current unfavorable phenomenon, in addition to the subjective understanding of the production enterprises is not enough, there are two other important factors, that is, relatively little investment in R & D and the enterprise management system of the layers of shackles. Compared with similar foreign companies, China’s enterprises have less than the average number of workers in R&D. The fourth new technology in 2004 is the only way for logistic machinery manufacturers to avoid technological vacuum, and they can go low. The vicious circle of price competition. Once new products occupy the dominant position in the market, the situation of low-price competition will be fundamentally transformed, effectively suppressing the occurrence of technological vacuum. At present, international logistics machinery manufacturers generally adopt the principle of concurrent design in terms of improving product development, design, and innovation capabilities. Also known as concurrent engineering, this is a new model of modern product design and development. It is an extensive use of computer integration technology to design products and related process flows in accordance with parallel principles. In terms of development or content design, it includes both the production process of the product and various other auxiliary and support projects. The biggest advantage of this method is that: from the beginning of product design, designers can understand and master all kinds of information or information of the developed products through information sharing; and in cooperation with various types of professionals, they are related to the product life cycle. All kinds of factors can be taken into account in a timely manner. Among them, the concept design of the product, production process, and various market information are included, as well as the way the product is transported, sold, and recycled. Using the principle of concurrent design has an extremely important role in optimizing product design of logistics machinery, accelerating product development cycle, improving product quality, and reducing wood production. It is an effective method for product development, design, and innovation currently in manufacturing. Pattern. Due to the parallel design approach, the collaboration of various professionals is needed during the R&D process. Therefore, this is also very beneficial to the cohesion and formation of corporate team spirit and innovative spirit.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing System. It was proposed by Dr. Joseph Herrington of the United States. CLV1 technology refers to companies that take integration and electronic data processing technologies in all production-related departments. Including computer-aided design and auxiliary manufacturing technology (CADCAM), computer-aided production planning and control technology (PPC), computer-aided process design technology (CAPP), and computer-assisted technology innovation are the soul of the company's progress, and also the competitiveness of enterprises. Mobilize technologies such as quality management (CAQ) and the various sources and foundations of technology necessary to produce products. Modern logistics machinery is the largest and best integrated computer technology, microelectronics technology and management functions. The CIM technology is applied to high-tech integrated products such as physical technology, electromechanical integration technology, digital communication technology, hydraulic servo drive technology, and new materials, new processes and other advanced technologies; electronic, intelligent, environmental protection, and high-tech technology gradually Become the development trend of modern logistics machinery. However, technologies such as hydraulic servo technology, sensor testing technology, and microelectronics control are precisely the disadvantages of China's current logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises.
These key technologies all exhibit the phenomenon of "two mores" and "two littles", that is, they are more often used and copied; they are less innovative and less advanced. This reminds us of why China's car manufacturing industry has cooperated with foreign countries for so many years. The products with independent property rights are very few.
Logistics machinery is an important part of the logistics system. The level of its technological development and the quality of new products often directly affect the speed and safety of the circulation of materials in handling, storage, and transportation. Relying on price wars to obtain profits is a manifestation of disorderly market competition, and it is also a helpless choice for companies to face increasingly fierce market competition. Any enterprise with vision or eagerness to achieve sustainable development will certainly develop and strengthen itself by taking the road of technological innovation. The greatest competitiveness of products lies in technological innovation, and innovation ability is also the common weakness of China's logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises. The author believes that enterprises engaged in logistics machinery manufacturing in China are only trying hard to increase the development of new products, especially increasing the proportion of proprietary technologies and core technologies, and continuously launching brand logistics machinery systems that meet various consumption levels to form logistics machinery. CIMS, the computer integrated manufacturing system for logistics machines. Taking into account the current situation of China's logistics machinery companies, such as research and development capabilities, economic strength, management level and staff quality, CIMS can be implemented in three phases. That is to solve the information integration of product design and manufacturing first, and then carry out information integration of management and operation, and finally integrate the information of each stage of the product life cycle into a complete system. Of course, in the process of integration, the quality training of employees can be carried out throughout the entire process of CIMS technology. Logistics machinery manufacturing companies adopt CIM technology. On the one hand, they can enable China’s current “small and scattered†enterprises to implement joint ventures or move towards grouping; On the other hand, it can enable various production factors and human resources to be fully shared, improve the production quality of mechanical products in a timely manner, and facilitate the rapid formation of the core competitiveness of enterprises.
In recent years, China's private logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises have developed rapidly and are becoming an important part of China's logistics industry. However, we are also soberly aware that with the economic transition and the accelerating globalization of the market, private enterprises are now in the new situation of initial development, how to correctly position and how to choose a strong development path are currently Problems that must be considered and solved before private entrepreneurs. The author believes that the innovation and development of private enterprises in high-tech fields has many advantages over state-owned enterprises. For example, in terms of human resources construction, product marketing, etc., private enterprises can take full advantage of (up to page 9) the upper reaches of the scope, Maoping Port has the advantages of radiation to the periphery. Yichang-Badong Provincial Road integrates the logistics center with the township highway network in Zigui County and neighboring counties. It can develop medium and long-distance, large-capacity distribution services, collaborate on goods that flow to different consignees, and organize batches. Transportation, thereby improving transportation efficiency and reducing transportation costs.
6.5 Logistic Center Ro-Ro Terminal Due to the towering mountains and mountains in Eastern Fujian and Western Hubei Provinces, the difficult terrain of Wanzhou-Yichang Highway resulted in a large number of trucks abandoning the land. Therefore, the Ro-Ro shipping market in Chuanjiang has developed rapidly. At present, the downstream end of the ro-ro ship is in Yichang.
Due to the long waiting time required to pass the Three Gorges ship lock, a large number of cargo owners will choose to land at Maoping Port, upstream of the dam. Therefore, the establishment of a dedicated ro-ro terminal in the Three Gorges Logistics Center has broad prospects for development.
6.6 Logistics Information Center Construction of a logistics information platform will provide network, technology, and information sharing support services for the informationization of small and medium-sized enterprises, providing customers with information on logistics markets, logistics routes, and logistics relay; thus achieving information on logistics management. Modernization and modernization, improve logistics service efficiency and service quality.
In addition, the logistics center should also have production support services and business service functions, such as providing maintenance for ships, vehicles, loading and unloading machinery, and providing business services for logistics companies and customers.
7 Conclusion With the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the economic development of the Three Gorges reservoir area is rapid, and the flow of materials continues to increase. However, the navigation barriers caused by the ship locks of the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhou Dam will make the location of Maoping Port in the upper reaches of the dam advantageous. Fully embodied, it became the material distribution center, land transfer center, and transportation throat after the completion of the Three Gorges Project. Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to establish a regional integrated logistics center that faces the whole country on the dam. The Three Gorges Logistics Center is bound to become an important node in the Yangtze River Basin logistics network.
Accounting for Yinghua and Yi Hong. Modern City Logistics Center and Its Planning and Construction Research . Economic Geography, 2000, (2).
Zhang Lili. Function setting and construction content of port logistics center å½ Hong Kong Engineering and Technology, 2001, (12).
Wang Changqiong, female, Associate Professor, Department of Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology. The main research direction: logistics system planning, green logistics management.
(Continued from page 2) Flexibility in attracting talents, distributing remuneration, and selling products. It is also more dynamic than state-owned enterprises in terms of production and management, and it is easy to achieve the “win-win†effect of making the best use of human resources. For this reason, private enterprises must make full use of their own advantages, focus on the development of high-tech products and industrialization; on the other hand, they should stick to the path of information development and continue to compete for the commanding heights of the high-tech industry. Only in this way can the enterprise strike hard in the market competition so as to realize the sustainable development of the company. To successfully achieve this grand goal, we must also do the following: First, establish and improve the enterprise's technological innovation system. For some companies with stronger capabilities, we should not only focus on finished products, but should establish their own technologies within the company. Development center, and timely increase investment in technology development funds to enhance the company's core competitiveness of sustainable development.
The second is to actively explore new modes of technological innovation, including a combination of production, learning, and research, and make full use of scientific research strengths of domestic and foreign scientific research institutions and universities to jointly tackle key technologies to achieve technological breakthroughs and innovations. Promote the transformation of scientific research results into real productivity. The third is to form an efficient technological innovation mechanism and management mechanism, and actively create a production and living environment that is conducive to attracting, nurturing, and saving people. For example, a post allowance system is implemented for scientific research personnel, a long-term responsibility system for major scientific research projects is implemented, and a modern management system for enterprises is gradually established and perfected. In addition, in the process of technological innovation, enterprises can never ignore the ability to quickly collect, compare, handle, and use various kinds of information, namely information consulting capabilities of logistics machinery technology, and the construction of corporate culture.
4 Concluding Remarks The lack of core technologies and high technologies is not only a problem faced by logistics machinery manufacturing companies, but also a common phenomenon that currently plagues the survival and development of Chinese enterprises. From small mobile phones to color TVs, to computers and automobiles, there is a technological vacuum. And the danger of "invisible". As China's commitment period for accession to the WTO approaches, the company’s mode of existence must not simply rely on price wars. Instead, it should improve its independent innovation capabilities as soon as possible, grasp the core technologies and processes of production, seize market opportunities, and adopt strong integration. We constantly increase the research and development of high-end products and core technologies, actively participate in the formulation of standards in the industry, and strive to be among the upper reaches of the industry chain. Only in this way can we face the international competition after entry into the WTO calmly, turn science and technology into the first productive force of enterprises, and create our own brand, so as to make logistics machinery manufacturing enterprises truly stronger and bigger.
Feng Wei is currently the director, deputy general manager and general manager of the sales company of Zhejiang Hangzhou Fork Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. He graduated from the Management Engineering Department of Hefei University of Technology in 1988 with a master's degree in engineering management. He obtained a master's degree in MBA from the Macau University of Science and Technology in July 203. The author has always been engaged in corporate management work, especially in the marketing management has a unique view, under his leadership, the company's 1999 sales of about 2 forklifts, sales in 2003 reached 127,510 units, China's forklift market share from 12% increase As a blade, the average annual increase of 6%, to the company to create an extraordinary performance, the formation of the Chinese forklift industry's attention "Hangzhou fork phenomenon."
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