Oval rope frame engraved with the name of Pharaoh
Pyramid of Pyramid Hopep I, who was stolen by the Pharaoh of Abydos
Pharaoh Ancient Tombs
Egyptian tour guides often boast that one third of the world’s unearthed artifacts are from Egypt. Indeed, the unique natural environment of Egypt has preserved the Millennium Monuments. The huge temples on both sides of the Nile, the tombs of Pharaoh, and even the entire ancient city are buried in thick sand layers to form a natural underground museum, waiting for future generations to explore the history of this thousand years.
The Egyptian Ministry of Cultural Relics said on January 15 that a joint archaeological team consisting of the Egyptian Supreme Cultural Relics Committee and the University of Pennsylvania archaeologists discovered a pharaoh mausoleum dating back more than 3,600 years at the Abidus site. After identification, the owner of the mausoleum was a previously unknown Pharaoh-Sineb Kay.
The ancient city of Abidos, 500 kilometers south of Cairo, history can be traced back to more than 4,000 years BC, the legend is one of the nine gods in Egypt's mythology, death of Inquisition Osiris body buried place. In the Fifth Dynasty (2500 BC) in the Old Kingdom, Abidos gradually became the holy city of Osiris, goddess of resurrection and goddess Isis.
Um Kabo in the north of Abidos was the royal cemetery of the pharaohs of the ancient Egyptian dynasty. The first pharaoh of the first dynasty of ancient Egypt and the "Qin Shihuang" of Egypt were buried there. Archaeologists not only found the temple of Osiris and several other Pharaoh tombs. More importantly, they discovered the Abydos’s table in hieroglyphs on the wall of the Temple of the Pharaoh of Setia I. It has become a precious material for later generations to study the first dynasty and the nineteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt.
The Egyptian Department of Monuments stated that Dr. Joseph Wegner, Professor of the Department of Near Eastern Languages ​​and Civilizations at the University of Pennsylvania in charge of this archaeological work, found an elliptical rope pattern engraved with the name of Pharaoh on the stone walls and walls of the old tomb of Snyebu Kefa. frame. It is said that the tomb of the Pharaoh had four tombs and a limestone chamber. On the wall of the stone chamber are the ancient gods such as the god of the sky, the necromancer of the deceased Nefertis, and the deceased children Seleket. The guardian goddess Isis on both sides of the pharaoh's golden plaque is inscribed with hieroglyphics. The inscription: "The son of Horus, the king of Egypt, the son of Almighty God, and Seineb Kay."
When archaeologists discovered this ancient tomb, all the funerary objects were already ransacked by tomb robbers. The gold-plated stone sarcophagi and walls were also scraped. Even the pharaoh's mummy was torn by the tombs. The archaeologists found the remains of the unfortunate Pharaoh in a pile of rubble ruins and restored them scientifically. From the skeleton after the restoration, it can be seen that the Sinb Kefa Pharaoh is about 1.75 meters tall and is less than 50 years old.
The scale of the old tomb of Sinb Kefah was not large. Archaeologists found several pots of mummy's guts inside a heavily decayed cedar wood box. Surprisingly, under the gold-plated layer at the bottom of the box, the name of the 13th dynasty, Liebekhotep I, was discovered.
Similar archaeological discoveries have more than this example. Since the summer of 2013, a joint archaeological team led by Professor Joseph Wegner has begun a new round of archaeological excavations at the Abidos site. In the southern part of the site, they found a red quartz stone stone weighing 60 tons. After identification, the stone from the stone sarcophagus was taken from an ancient quarry called Gaebler Ahmair in the south of Cairo. The earliest history can be traced back to the late Middle Kingdom. After nearly half a year’s research and identification, archaeologists were surprised to find that this stone pheasant did not originally belong to the Pharaoh’s tomb when it was discovered, but came from a more ancient Pharaoh’s tomb.
As the archaeological work entered its final weeks, a series of Pharaoh tombs at the site of Abidos and a dynasty that had “lost†for more than 3,600 years gradually emerged. Archeologists discovered Pharaoh's name on the piece of stone that was not far from the red stone plaque. The latest identification shows that the true master of the red stone skeleton is probably 10th century BC The Pharaoh of the Three Kingdoms, Burkhardhotep I.
According to historical records, in the 18th century BC, the Hyksos from the north gradually invaded the eastern part of Egypt, eventually overthrowing the weak 13th dynasty and establishing the fifteenth dynasty in Northern Egypt. Sri Lanka established the sixteenth and seventeenth dynasties. The Hyksos and other foreigners ruled Egypt for more than one hundred years. In the history of ancient Egypt, this chaotic period ruled by foreigners was called the second intermediate period. There are very few historical records and archaeological discoveries about this period, and archaeologists have very limited knowledge of this period. This new discovery of archeology provided new important evidence for the political and social situation in Egypt's second intermediate period.
As early as 1997, the Egyptian archaeologist K. Ryholt had hypothesized that in the second half of the fifteenth and sixteenth dynasties there was a completely independent “Abados†dynasty". This archaeological discovery not only confirmed this hypothesis, but also found that the Pharaoh Cemetery in this period was located in an ancient place in southern Abidos called Anubis. There is evidence that from 1650 BC to 1600 BC, about 16 Pharaohs of the Abidos dynasty built their mausoleums in Sensuset III (twelfth dynasty, 1880 BC) and åŸbokhotep I was near the tombs of some of the early pharaohs in the Chinese Kingdom.
The Abidos dynasty was a forgotten history, and it was not until the discovery of the old tomb of Sineb Kefah that this history was revived. “What we were excited about was that we not only discovered an unknown tomb of the Pharaoh, but more importantly discovered the cemetery of the forgotten dynasty.†Joseph Wegner said, “Continuous and in-depth work has helped us to understand the lost dynasty of ancient Egypt. Political history and social conditions provide possibilities."
Muhammad Ibrahim, Egypt’s Minister of Monuments, stated that in the Turin Kings table, only two Pharaoh honors are “Woser...er†and they are all ranked first in the lineage. The honorable name of Snébé Keft Pharaoh is “Woseribre†and his name may be recorded on the missing part of the King of Turin. It is inferred that Scheneb Kay is likely to be the first Pharaoh of the Abidos dynasty and also the Pharaoh who has been in the longest time. The Turin Kings table records the names and reigning years of more than 300 pharaohs from the time of the previous dynasty to Ramses II. But unfortunately, most of the names are no longer available.
Ali Asfal, an official of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities, believes that the discovery and research of the old tomb of Sinb Kefa’s tomb showed that the Hixos did not control the entire territory of Egypt. He pointed out: "Sineb Kay was a descendant of the ancient Egyptians. He did not submit to the rule of the Hyksos but established a completely independent Abidos dynasty."
Archaeologists discovered that during the nearly one-and-a-half centuries of reign, the pharaohs of the Abidus dynasty stole stone and burial objects from Pharaoh’s tomb to create their own mausoleum. One of the pharaohs even directly The red sarcophagus of Burke Hothop I was smuggled in as a stone sarcophagus. Although the Abiduosi’s dynasty maintained its independence, it was under the reign of powerful foreigners and it was clear that its resources and economy were in a dilemma.
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